Risk assessment for non-profit hospital Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Risk assessment for non-profit hospital - Essay Example Generally, non-profit organizations do not perform risk assessments mainly due to insufficiency of funds. Since non-profit organizations have only limited sources to raise funds, they would find difficulties in their day to day operations if they allot money for risk assessment program. This paper will particularly perform a risk assessment for non-profit hospitals and discuss various aspects related to the issue. Importance of Hospital Data Hospital data may include a pool of documents including inpatient data, outpatient data, pricing data, hospital room rates, hospital financial data, patient case sheets, medicine stock data, medicine details, length of patient stay and discharge data, staff data, and other administrative and strategic documents. Evidently, hospital data have considerable significance on a healthcare environment because they play an inevitable role in promoting quality care and patient safety. According to the Hospital Data Project, â€Å"hospital data are now re quired to serve a variety of purposes including supporting activity monitoring, performance measurement, casemix-based funding, service planning, and epidemiological analysis† (HDP, 2003). ... In the view of Sorgente, Fernandez, and Petrie (n.d.), past patient treatment records are necessary for hospitals to give immediate and quality care to patients in future visits. In addition, staff data are very crucial to facilitate better distribution of duties and responsibilities among the hospital staff, particularly nurses. Therefore, it is extremely important to keep the hospital data secure and unreachable to unauthorized parties. If the data are improper or unsecure, they would be accessible to external people and this situation would adversely affect the confidentiality, availability, and integrity of data. To illustrate, when the hospital data are lost due to network attacks or any other reason, the hospital management cannot obtain access to past patient case records and medicine stock details whenever needed. Undoubtedly, this situation would reduce the quality of the care and hence challenge the patient safety. Likewise, some important data like diagnosis reports and ot her patient/disease detail would lose their confidentiality once the hospital data become unsecured. Under such circumstances, the victims (patients) may file lawsuits against the hospital. Finally, the authorities concerned cannot the ensure integrity of hospital data if those data are prone to unauthorized access. According to a report by UC Davis Health System, cancelled operations, false or delayed test results, and poor quality patient can be the direct implications of unsecure hospital databases. Kinds of Attacks Malware attack is likely to threaten a hospital database. Experts suggest that hospital databases are under the threat of malware attacks. Hackers try to access hospital data and thus manipulate hospital records. Such attacks can cause dreadful harms to

Active Listening in 4 Steps Essay Example for Free

Active Listening in 4 Steps Essay Active listening in 4 steps: The best managers make the best listeners Managers spend a good part of their workday listening to other people. But bear in mind, there’s a big difference between â€Å"passive† and â€Å"active† listening. Effective listening includes a four-step process to ensure understanding: 1. Listen to the total message.  2. Prove your understanding by using nonverbal signals. 3. Use open-ended probes. 4. Paraphrase what you hear. Motivating employees through realistic deadlines: 4 dos and donts Without deadlines, employees flounder. They can’t be aware of the urgency or priorities of a project unless their supervisors tell them. Following are four tips on motivating employees by setting realistic deadlines: 1. Do be specific  Name the target day and time. And mean what you say. If you ask for completion â€Å"next week,† don’t complain on Friday that you really needed it on Wednesday. 2. Do clarify priorities Let people know if this assignment takes precedence over any other projects they’re working on now. Avoid the old, favorite deadline â€Å"ASAP,† which usually translates in an employee’s mind as â€Å"whenever it gets done.† 3. Don’t set false deadlines  Setting a deadline earlier than necessary (because you don’t trust your employees to meet the real deadline) creates more problems than it solves. Your staff will soon learn that’s how you operate and will assume there’s always air in the schedule. As a result, they’ll always miss that first deadline, just as you knew they would. 4. Do establish an update schedule  The best-laid plans can go astray, and so can deadlines. You’ll minimize the chance of this occurring by setting up a progress report schedule when you assign the project. This is especially important for long-term projects. Motivating employees to do their best each day: 6 office communication techniques Here are six tips for motivating employees to stay on task and work together toward the common goal, according to a report by OnPoint Consulting: 1. Clarify, clarify, clarify.  2. Establish clear expectations. 3. Don’t micromanage your entrepreneurial-minded employees. But do monitor them. 4. Encourage employees to share bad news with you. 5. Solve problems quickly, but not too quickly. 6. Encourage informal and spontaneous interaction. Managing employee retention: Listen for subtle whispers of employee turnover Most good employees don’t stand up one day and quit out of the blue. They send off subtle hints that, if you’re listening, you can act on before the good employee walks out the door. That’s why it’s important to listen to statements like these that can act as an â€Å"advance warning system† for employee turnover: * This job isn’t what I thought it would be. Rather than exploring what the employee was originally told or trying to defend miscommunication, focus on the present. Ask, â€Å"How do you want your job to be?† * I’m at a plateau. I can’t grow here. Consider that a plea for job stimulation. Provide the employee with new responsibilities, cross-training opportunities or exposure to influential mentors. * I don’t get any feedback. Most employees crave regular input from their supervisors. Don’t leave them in the dark. Plan regular sessions to discuss ongoing projects and performance. * This place has too much politics. While you may not be able to eliminate all dissension and politics in the organization, you can level with the employee. If someone makes this complaint, address rumors head-on, a nd don’t play favorites. Maintaining workplace productivity: 7 common employee gripes (and how to silence them) A recent study says that 40% of managers in the United States are considered â€Å"bad bosses† by their employees. Yet most managers assume that their relationships with their employees are running smoothly. Obviously, some of those bosses are wrong †¦ and that can create major problems for workplace productivity. A Gallup Poll says organizations are 50% less productive—and 44% less profitable—when serious boss-employee conflicts exist. Employee retention strategies: 8 little things managers can do to retain the best When good employees leave for greener pastures, it makes a manager’s job much more difficult. Managers can prevent this syndrome by doing what they can to make their own pasture the greenest. While compensation helps, it’s not always cash that makes pastures greener. When salaries are equal with the marketplace, other factors take priority. Here are eight easy-to-plant â€Å"seeds† that help keep employees growing and content, according to a KEYGroup report: 1. Keep them engaged. Consider ways to provide opportunities for employees to improve on their skills or learn new skills they can use in their jobs. 2. Give praise where praise is due. Recognizing a job well done isn’t an expensive proposition, but it will mean the world to your employee. 3. Be aware of employees’ changing needs. By recognizing their changing needs, you show sensitivity to what’s going on in their lives. This builds loyalty and helps bring stability to their personal lives, which means they can focus better at work. 4. Realize that great employees thrive under great leaders. Employees won’t leave for greener pastures unless you drive them. The buck starts and stops with their leaders. 5. Conduct regular â€Å"stay† interviews. Rather than exit interviews, use regular â€Å"stay† interviews to provide an opportunity to compliment high performers on their work and inspire them to do more. 6. Create an environment where people can do their best work. By allowing employees to develop and implement their own ideas, you’ll keep them passionate about their work. 7. Create an environment of trust. Employees are happier and work harder when they trust their leaders. They decide which leaders they can trust based on how their fellow employees, company vendors and customers are treated. 8. Rid your pasture of weeds. The weeds are those poor performers and negative employees who stifle the good attitudes and high performance of their co-workers. The bottom line: Striving to keep employees happy and engaged is not just a â€Å"nice† thing to do — it’s the only way to maximize workplace productivity. Thoughtful employee retention strategies are useful not just for retaining people to avoid the high cost of recruitment. Engaged employees are creative, productive, motivated and brimming with good ideas

Transcendental Philosophy :: Paideia Philosophy Kant Papers

Transcendental Philosophy One needs specific initiation into the classics of transcendental philosophy (Kant’s "Criticism," Descartes’s "Metaphysics," and Fichte’s "Doctrine of Science") because all say farewell to the common sense view of things. The three types of transcendental thinking converge in conceiving rational autonomy as the ultimate ground for justification. Correspondingly, the philosophical pedagogy of all three thinkers is focused on how to seize and make that very autonomy (or active self-determination) intellectually and existentially available. In the concrete way of proceeding, however, the three models diverge. Descartes expects one to become master of oneself and "the world" by methodologically suspending his judgement on what cannot qualify itself to be undoubtable. Kant leads us to the point where we can triangulate universal conditions of the possibility of knowledge through individually acquiring the competence to judge the legitimacy of encountered propositional claims. Finally, Fichte confronts us with the idea of the identity of self-consciousness and objectivity. (1) Transcending ordinary life and experience to a somewhat higher being is surely not the scope of transcendental philosophy. What the revolutionary achievements of Descartes, Kant, and Fichte have generically in common is to account for the legitimacy of our knowledge claims or, in other words, for the possibility of autonomy. The business of that kind of philosophy is to rationally reconstruct the rightness of judging. For that design the architecture of those authors' theorizing is necessarily opposed to normal experience. (First of all, the common notion of "things affecting us" has to be abandoned.) Transcendental arguments are therefore all but common sense. They are in no respect "realistic" or ontologically dependent. (2) Whoever wants to get familiar with transcendentalism — perhaps just in order to criticize one or several of its representatives — must overcome the threshold of open or covert realism and ordinary experience. One also has to avoid the common misun derstanding that transcendental reconstruction represents a form of idealism. So this kind of philosophy seems to be a fortiori charged to give a good deal of pedagogical help for its own sake. The respective philosophical educations (paideiai) have to fight against the realist as well as the idealist tendencies of interpretation. Positively it is not enough for them to represent what is essential to transcendentalism as a genus; they must particularly transmit what is specific to Kant's "Criticism", to Descartes' "Metaphysics" or to Fichte's "Doctrine of Science". I. Rene Descartes was the first one to fully realize that reliable orientation could never passively be found in "things" or "institutions".

The World Wide Web or Internet

Commonly known as the Internet, the world†s largest network is used extensively throughout the world today. Since its creation in 1983, the Internet has continued to grow in popularity and use as a commercial and private communications medium. Millions of people throughout the world use the Internet in a variety of ways, ranging from personal conversations to on-line shopping. According to a survey compiled by Nua Ltd in 1999, the number of Internet users rose from 26 million in 1995 to 205 million in 1999, an increase of almost 700% (Nua Ltd)! With such an explosive increase, how then has he Internet affected us personally, and how has it affected the way we do business? The answers to these questions include changes in the way people obtain information, interact, work, learn and conduct business. Given the Internet†s original purpose is to share information, it is no wonder that the most important asset of the Internet is the wealth of information that can be found on the Internet (Maney 3). Information previously found only in libraries and encyclopedias is now available on the Internet; in addition, news, weather, and movie listings are also ade available on the Internet. Internet users constantly remain informed of the world around them by reading news from the New York Times, USA Today, San Jose Mercury News, Los Angeles Times and many other newspapers found on-line. Even those like myself who are far away from home can keep in touch by reading local newspapers Along with the vast amount of information, the Internet also provides almost instant sharing and distribution of information. Through the use of electronic mail, people all over the world can â€Å"send information to far-away places cheaply, easily and in great olume – much more than any medium before it† (Maney 3). This form of communication known as email is the most widely used tool of the Internet today. Another invention of the Internet is the chat room. From within a chat room, people make friends with others throughout the world and share information with one another in real time. Because of email and chat capability, employees can work together without requiring that everyone work in the same place or even at the same time (Maney 4). On a more personal level, email and chat allow families and friends to stay in touch, keeping relationships intact. Being an international student myself, email and chat rooms have greatly benefited me as they enable me to constantly keep in touch with my family and friends in Singapore. The educational community has also taken advantage of the opportunities the Internet offers. Over the last few years, there has been a tremendous growth in both the number of distance education courses offered by colleges and universities, and in the enrollment in those classes. Internet based classes allow students to watch, listen, and exchange ideas with educators and other students who may be miles away. With n-line education, people learn independently and at their own pace. Such convenience allows learning to take place virtually anywhere and at any time. Busy working adults are now taking classes in the comfort of their home without having to attend regularly scheduled classes on a college campus. Online education also provides people from rural districts the opportunity to have an education without having to travel long distances. Besides supporting on-line education, the Internet has also made our lives immensely simple by allowing us to do countless tasks even in the middle of the night. Using the Internet, people find jobs, send electronic cards, shop, make airline and hotel reservations, execute stock trades, and even pay bills online! The Internet is thus a virtual market place where people can, at the click of a button, select products, place orders, and pay using a secure electronic transaction. All of this ability has made conducting personal business convenient and easy, and enables everyone to complete many tasks that previously would take weeks. With the increasing popularity of people shopping and purchasing goods online, the Internet has created â€Å"new ways of doing business† (Maney 4). Realizing the potential of the Internet, many companies have started to advertise their products and services on-line. By marketing their products and services on-line, companies are able to constantly update the site's product catalog and inform buyers of any changes. Companies, especially new ones, can now allow themselves to be made known to the consumers through advertising over the Internet. Furthermore, there is lesser overhead cost involved, as sales persons and order takers are no longer required. In addition, the Internet has also enabled low budget organizations to reach interested parties across the country or the world. All of these lower costs have resulted in lower costs for the consumer. Many on-line shoppers can find good deals and low prices for desired goods, leading to even more and more on-line business. However, these reduced costs and benefits for the consumer have had adverse effects on some businesses that have been around for many years. Those business which typically are service or data oriented have seen a sharp decline in sales. For example, ar dealerships compete with on-line business because some customers prefer finding a vehicle on-line instead of dealing with a nagging car salesman. Car dealerships are not the only ones threatened by the convenience of the Internet. Postal services and phone companies also face new competition from Internet applications such as email Although the Internet may have some great and significant impact on our lives and the way business is done, there are considerable consequences and drawbacks. Because of the Internet, a new social disorder has been created known as Internet Addiction Disorder (IAD). IAD occurs when a computer dominates rather than serves a person, and when people develop â€Å"unhealthy dependencies on the Internet use† (Gard 3). Psychologists have found that there has been a raise in the number of people who â€Å"find the virtual reality on computer screens more attractive than everyday reality† (Gard 3). These addicts perceive that surfing the web is more important than doing any other task. They cannot control the amount of time spent on the computer. For these addicts, the Internet serves as an outlet to escape from reality, relieving their feelings f distress (Gard 3). These addicts often feel anxious and uneasy when not on-line, and crave the Internet connection. As a result of such an addiction, Internet addicts tend to neglect their family, friends and work. Ironically, numerous on-line support groups have since been set up to offer advice to people with such a disorder. Apart from Internet addiction, personal privacy is jeopardized and â€Å"doesn†t exist on the Internet† (Gard 2). Being a web surfer myself, I have had to provide my name, email account, interests, and even telephone number during several occasions in order to ccess a particular web site. In doing this, unscrupulous Internet businesses steal or misuse personal information given to them to â€Å"personalize features on their sites to make them more appealing† (Gard 2). They also release information about their customers to their advertisers. These companies use this information to invade one†s personal time with phone calls and newsletters trying to offer their services. Furthermore, the Internet has made it easier than ever before for people to share and sell data, so that â€Å"anyone who†s willing to pay can get Social Security numbers and riving records† (Gard 2). Likewise, a person having your credit card number and its expiration date can now purchase goods online. From the above examples, it can be seen that there is little, if any, privacy left to be found when dealing with the Internet. The Internet has also given criminals a new media to exploit. While there are many types of Internet criminal activity, child pornography has quickly become a critical issue for the Internet. There has been a widespread increase in the distribution of illegal child pornography on the Internet; child pornographers misuse the Internet to exploit exually abused and molested children throughout the world. By means of the Internet, sexually explicit material of children has been illegally transmitted and sold. Despite these abhorrent activities, the Internet provides each of us with extraordinary With the number of people using the Internet growing exponentially, it is easy to see that the Internet has pervaded the life of everyone. Those that use the Internet on a daily basis, or even only a little, can feel the impact of the Internet around them. The ease with which they can communicate, learn, or accomplish simple tasks and chores akes life easier, and hopefully less stressful. Even those that don†t use the Internet can feel the impact it has on our society and businesses. Because many businesses today use the Internet to advertise products and to provide support, those not familiar with the Internet may find it difficult to get the information needed. People in this position may not like what is happening around them, but the effect on their lives is also felt. Whether the Internet†s effect on someone is good or bad, the fact remains that the Internet has an effect on us all.

Thomas Jefferson report card

The Barbara Pirates are a great example as to how Jefferson dealt with problems with foreign people. The pirates would take crew members from ships and demand payment on behalf of America, after making the decision to put an end to the payments to the pirates Jefferson sent a naval to punish them; although semi contradicting his devotion to peace and economy. Later on after in 181 5 Stephen Decatur was sent to the Mediterranean to where a treaty renouncing both raids and tribute were signed.Although It wasn't something totally eliminating the racketeers from being wicked it still was a success on behalf of Jefferson; he was able to lead the world toward a path of free seas and peace for all nations. Jefferson so far was able to fulfill his promises to keep peace and friendship with other nations. The relations between the new United States and European nations were pleasant and the Barbara Pirates had compelled admiration for the American flag. Intense admiration should be given to J efferson for he was able to handle the impressments of American seaman In an appropriate manner.He was able to keep calm and not go to war with Britain even though there was a vast amount of anger In the United States towards the situation. Instead of going Into something more drastic such as war, Jefferson simply demanded the British to stay out of the U. G's waters and for an apology. Lastly In relation to foreign relations, In 1803 war between France and Britain was renewed. As a war tactic each nation attempted to affect their opponent's trade using neutral nations such as the United States.Jefferson saw this and In an attempt to keep peace between the United States and other nations, there was the Embargo Act which cut off the United States trade In hopes of getting Britain and Napoleon Into terms. (Embargo Act of 1802) Jefferson was unsuccessful when It came to the Embargo act; neither the French nor Britain needed the American trade as much as American trade needed them there fore not making a difference when It came to scaring the nations. What this would have done Instead of scaring Napoleon and Britain out of their conflict was, demolish theAmerican commerce which was what It was trying to protect. Jefferson as a president managed to fulfill a lot of his promises made In his Inaugural address regarding keeping peace and honest friendships with other nations. He was very successful and although he had a failure with the Embargo Act he still attempted to make a change therefore his grade of a B Is accurate due to his successful attempts and failure of the Embargo Act. Thomas Jefferson report card By watermelon United States at peace with nations in Europe during his first term, as wealth and tooth raids and tribute were signed.Although it wasn't something totally eliminating impressments of American seaman in an appropriate manner. He was able to keep calm and not go to war with Britain even though there was a vast amount of anger in the United States t owards the situation. Instead of going into something more waters and for an apology. Lastly in relation to foreign relations, in 1803 war Jefferson saw this and in an attempt to keep peace between the United States and other nations, there was the Embargo Act which cut off the United States trade in popes of getting Britain and Napoleon into terms. Embargo Act of 1802).

20 Topics for an Exploratory Essay on Anthropology of Mormonism

20 Topics for an Exploratory Essay on Anthropology of Mormonism When you have to write an exploratory essay on a topic you are not very familiar with, it is often a real stumbling block. After all, instead of proving your own point of view, you have to gather information, check the facts and present your findings in an unbiased manner, and maintaining this objectivity may be difficult. However, when you already have a topic at your disposal, it becomes easier to concentrate your thoughts on a particular subject without having to imagine from which direction you are supposed to approach it. So feel free to use one of these: Mormonism from an Anthropological Point of View Scientific Evidence and the Anthropology of Book of Mormon Anthropological Problems in the Book of Mormon Mormon View on the Genesis of the Native Americans Mormon Anthropological Claims and Genetic Evidence Ancient History of Human Race in the Americas According to the Book of Mormon Ancestral Connection between Indigenous Americans and Ancient Middle-Eastern Tribes in the Book of Mormon The Book of Mormon and the Anthropology of Mesoamerica Nephites, Lamanites and Native Americans LDS Community and the Proof of East-Asian Origins of Native Americans LDS Model for Human Migration in View of Evidence Presented by Molecular Anthropology, Archaeology and Linguistic Studies Scientific Evidence of LDS and Biblical Models for Human Migratory History Archaeological Proof for the Book of Mormon According to LDS Community Non-Mormon View on the Book of Mormon Archaeological and Anthropological Evidence Contemporary Ethnography of LDS Missionaries and their Psychological Identity Criticism of the Book of Mormon on the Part of Traditional Archaeology Mormon Polygamy from an Anthropological Point of View LDS Efforts to Establish Book of Mormon Archeology LDS Apology of Book of Mormon Inconsistency with Archaeological and Anthropological Findings Cultural Analysis of LDS Society Interesting topics, aren’t they? They are based on 10 facts on anthropology of Mormonism prepared specially for you. You can check out the tips on exploratory essay writing as well. And right now we will show you a sample of an essay written on one of them. Exploratory Essay on Scientific Evidence and the Anthropology of Book of Mormon The teachings of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) in the area of anthropology have been a subject of much debate ever since the foundation of this fairly young religion. According to the Book of Mormon, some 4,200 years ago a lost tribe of Israelites travelled across the Atlantic Ocean to an uninhabited region in Central America. There they eventually divided into two separate peoples, the Nephites and the Lamanites. After a 200-year period of complete peace the two nations waged a large-scale war against each other, as a result of which the Nephites, which are described as highly-developed light-skinned people, were complete wiped out by the Lamanites, which are characterized as idle and wicked dark-skinned people. The Lamanites settled all over the Americas, becoming the ancestors of the Native Americans, effectively making them a lost tribe of Israel. The Book of Mormon is perceived by the LDS as a divinely inspired revelation, so the Israelite roots of Native Americans are one of the principal tenets of the religion while going against everything stated by mainstream historiography. However, prior to relatively recent advances in DNA analysis there wasn’t any irrefutable evidence for or against the claims made by the Book of Mormon. Yes, archeologists, linguists, historians, biologists and anthropologists repeatedly pointed out numerous anachronisms contained in a presumably impeccable text, but Mormon scholars were always capable of finding explanations for why they were present there – sometimes rather far-fetched, but more or less believable. However, the Book of Mormon doesn’t stand very well against the genetic evidence, and even those scholars who are members of the LDS themselves more and more often are forced to admit it. One of them, Thomas W. Murphy, was heavily criticized and even got under threat of excommunication from the church for his essay â€Å"Lamanite Genesis, Genealogy and Genetics†. In it he supported the point of view that has been dominant in mainstream scientific community for a long time: that genetic evidence proves without any possible doubt that Native Americans have nothing to do whatsoever with the Israelites and instead originate from East Asia. Nevertheless, it seems that this proof did little to persuade the LDS majority, even those of them belonging to scientific community. LDS-affiliated scholars like John Sorenson and John E. Clark continue to accept the historicity of the Book of Mormon and claim to find new and new proofs of its truthfulness despite being ridiculed by mainstream science. They find evidence in perceived similarities of the Book of Mormon geography with some Central American regions, interpret ancient Mesoamerican monuments to suit their historiography and so on. However, one thing remains unchanged: none of the proofs used by Mormon scholars have been accepted by mainstream science. All non-Mormon experts agree that all currently available evidence is incompatible with Mormon view on anthropology, and none of the evidence used by Mormon scientists is in any way material. References: Allen, Joseph L. Sacred Sites: Searching for Book of Mormon Lands. American Fork, UT: Covenant Communications, 2003. Print Clark, John E. â€Å"A New Artistic Rendering of Izapa Stela 5: A Step toward Improved Interpretation.† Journal of Book of Mormon Studies 8.1 (1999): 22-33. Print Clark, John E. â€Å"Archaeology, Relics and Book of Mormon Belief.† Journal of Book of Mormon Studies 14.2 (2005): 38-49. Print Green, Dee F. â€Å"Book of Mormon Archeology: The Myths and the Alternatives.† Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought 4 (1969): 72-80. Print Murphy, Thomas. â€Å"Lamanite Genesis, Genealogy and Genetics.† American Apocrypha: Essays on the Book of Mormon. Ed. Dan Vogel and Brent Lee Metcalfe. Salt Lake City, UT: Signature Books, 2002. 47-77. Print Sorenson, John L. An Ancient American Setting for the Book of Mormon. Salt Lake City, UT: Deseret Book Company, 1996. Print Tanner, Jerald, Sandra Tanner. Archaeology and the Book of Mormon. Salt Lake City, UT: Utah Lighthouse Ministry, 1969. Print Welcome to our writing services company  which hires the best academic writers only to provide students with high-quality custom exploratory essays written from scratch!

Free Essays on Jesus Treatment of Women

Jesus Treatment of Women In the beginning of Luke 7, according to the NRSV, Jesus enters Capernaum. He has just finished his Sermon on the Plain, and upon his arrival to Capernaum he encounters a Centurion. The Centurion becomes the fleshed-out version of the sermon and he becomes the ironic match for a person of faith. Jesus proceeds to a town called Nain with a great procession, his disciples and a large crowd of followers. As he approached the town a dead man was being taken out. He was the son of a widow and he was her only child. Jesus felt compassion for her and touched the man and commanded him to rise. Once the boy sat up and began to speak, the word about Jesus began to spread all throughout Judea. The people glorified God saying â€Å"A great prophet has risen among us!† John hears of Jesus and summons his disciples to speak to the Lord. Jesus vindicates John and some time thereafter in Luke 7: 36-50 Jesus is asked by Simon a Pharisee to eat with him. Jesus obliges and joins Simo n for a dinner banquet (Keener 208). After taking his place at the dinner table a woman from the city brought a jar of ointment and stood behind Jesus’ feet. She began to bathe Jesus’ feet with her tears and dried them with her hair. As she continued kissing and anointing the feet of Jesus, Simon the Pharisee, probably among many others, began to ask himself, â€Å"If this man were a prophet, he would have known who and what kind of woman this is who is touching him-that she is a sinner (NSRV).† Jesus tells Simon a parable about a creditor who canceled the debts of two debtors whom couldn’t pay, one who owed 500 denarii and the other who owed 50. Jesus asks Simon which debtor will love the creditor more. Simon replies, â€Å"I suppose the one with the greater debt (NRSV).† After judging rightly Jesus turns to the woman and reminds Simon that he didn’t give him water for his feet, he didn’t offer him a kiss, and didn’... Free Essays on Jesus Treatment of Women Free Essays on Jesus Treatment of Women Jesus Treatment of Women In the beginning of Luke 7, according to the NRSV, Jesus enters Capernaum. He has just finished his Sermon on the Plain, and upon his arrival to Capernaum he encounters a Centurion. The Centurion becomes the fleshed-out version of the sermon and he becomes the ironic match for a person of faith. Jesus proceeds to a town called Nain with a great procession, his disciples and a large crowd of followers. As he approached the town a dead man was being taken out. He was the son of a widow and he was her only child. Jesus felt compassion for her and touched the man and commanded him to rise. Once the boy sat up and began to speak, the word about Jesus began to spread all throughout Judea. The people glorified God saying â€Å"A great prophet has risen among us!† John hears of Jesus and summons his disciples to speak to the Lord. Jesus vindicates John and some time thereafter in Luke 7: 36-50 Jesus is asked by Simon a Pharisee to eat with him. Jesus obliges and joins Simo n for a dinner banquet (Keener 208). After taking his place at the dinner table a woman from the city brought a jar of ointment and stood behind Jesus’ feet. She began to bathe Jesus’ feet with her tears and dried them with her hair. As she continued kissing and anointing the feet of Jesus, Simon the Pharisee, probably among many others, began to ask himself, â€Å"If this man were a prophet, he would have known who and what kind of woman this is who is touching him-that she is a sinner (NSRV).† Jesus tells Simon a parable about a creditor who canceled the debts of two debtors whom couldn’t pay, one who owed 500 denarii and the other who owed 50. Jesus asks Simon which debtor will love the creditor more. Simon replies, â€Å"I suppose the one with the greater debt (NRSV).† After judging rightly Jesus turns to the woman and reminds Simon that he didn’t give him water for his feet, he didn’t offer him a kiss, and didn’...

Whats Really on the Far Side of the Moon

What's Really on the Far Side of the Moon Weve all heard the term dark side of the Moon as a description for the far side of our planets satellite. Its actually quite a mistaken idea based on a misconception that if we cant see the other side of the Moon, it must be dark. It doesnt help that the idea crops up in popular music (the Dark Side of the Moon  by Pink Floyd is one good example) and in poetry. The far side of the Moon as seen and photographed by the Apollo 16 astronauts. NASA   In ancient times, people really did believe that one side of the Moon was always dark. Of course, we now know that the Moon orbits Earth, and they both orbit the Sun. The dark side is merely a trick of perspective. The Apollo astronauts who went to the Moon saw the other side and actually basked in the sunlight there. As  it turns out, different parts of the Moon are sunlit during different parts of each month, and not just one side. This image shows the phases of the Moon and why they happen. The center ring shows the Moon as it orbits around the Earth, as seen from above the north pole. Sunlight illuminates half the Earth and half the moon at all times. But as the Moon orbits around the Earth, at some points in its orbit the sunlit part of the Moon can be seen from the Earth. At other points, we can only see the parts of the Moon that are in shadow. The outer ring shows what we see on the Earth during each corresponding part of the moons orbit. NASA Its shape seems to change, which is what we call the phases of the Moon. Interestingly, New Moon, which is the time when the Sun and Moon are on the same side of Earth, is when the face we see from Earth actually IS dark and the far side is brightly lit by the Sun. So, calling the part that faces away from us as the dark side really IS a mistake.   Call It What It Is: The Far Side So, what do we call that part of the Moon we dont see each month? The better term to use is the far side. It makes perfect sense since it is the side farthest away from us. To understand, lets look more closely at its relationship to Earth. The Moon orbits in such a way that one rotation takes just about the same length of time as it takes for it to orbit around Earth. That is, the Moon spins on its own axis once during its orbit around our planet. That leaves one side is facing us during its orbit. The technical name for this spin-orbit lock is tidal locking. Earth and the Moon as seen from a passing spacecraft. NASA Of course, there is literally a dark side of the Moon, but its not always the same side. What is darkened depends on which phase of the Moon we see. During a new moon, the Moon lies between Earth and the Sun. So, the side we normally see from here on Earth thats normally lit by the Sun is in its shadow. Only when the Moon is opposite from the Sun do  we see that part of the surface lit up. At that point, the far side is shadowed and is truly dark.   Exploring the Mysterious Far Side   The far side of the Moon was once mysterious and hidden. But that all changed when the first images of its cratered surface were sent back by the USSRs Luna 3 mission in 1959.   Now that the Moon (including its far side) has been explored by humans and spacecraft from several countries since the mid-1960s, we know much more about it. We know, for example, that the lunar far side is  cratered, and has a few large basins (called maria), as well as mountains. One of the largest known craters in the solar system sits at its south pole, called the South Pole-Aitken Basin. That area is also known to have water ice hidden away on permanently shadowed crater walls and in regions just below the surface. A Clementine view of the south pole/Aitkin Basin region. This is where the Change 4 lander from China landed.   NASA It turns out that a small sliver of the far side can be seen on Earth due to a phenomenon called libration in which the moon oscillates each month, revealing a tiny bit of the Moon wed otherwise not see. Think of libration as a little side-to-side shake that the Moon experiences. Its not a lot, but enough to reveal a bit more of the lunar surface than we normally see from Earth. The most recent exploration of the far side has been undertaken by the Chinese space agency and its Change 4 spacecraft. Its a robotic mission with a rover to study the lunar surface. Ultimately, China is interested in sending humans to study the moon personally. The Far Side and Astronomy Because the far side is shielded from radio frequency interference from Earth, its a perfect place to put radio telescopes and astronomers have long discussed the option of placing observatories there. Other countries (including China) are talking about locating permanent colonies and bases there. In addition, space tourists could find themselves exploring all over the Moon, both near and far side. Who knows? As we learn to live and work on all sides of the moon, maybe one day well find human colonies on the far side of the moon.   Fast Facts The term dark side of the Moon is really a misnomer for the far side.Each side of the Moon is dark for 14 earth days each month.The far side of the Moon has been explored by the United States, Russia, and China. Updated and edited by Carolyn Collins Petersen.

Write two pages for discussion forum Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Write two pages for discussion forum - Article Example As a result, leadership in nursing also requires a separate set of leadership traits and qualities which must include all those skills and basic activities which take into account the issues relating to the field of nursing. This discussion has been carried out for many decades. Gentry et al., (2012) have contended that if people are born leaders, in that case, it will be very challenging to prove the validity of such claims because there are numerous styles of leadership and each has its own distinctive features or traits. Based on assertion, it can be deduced that leadership can be developed by closely working on those areas of human activity which are normally carried out by leaders. For example, American Association of Colleges of Nursing (2013) has clearly highlighted a set of characteristics highly essential for clinical nurse leaders and they include: determining patient-care delivery and practices and this encompasses collaboration and caring for the patients and critical evaluation of expected outcomes relating to patients; searching out the gaps between expected and actual results and taking essential measures for diminishing the effects of gaps in patient care practices; risk analysis relatin g to patients and their medical and psychological condition; managing and ensuring team leadership along with intra-department and inter-department cooperation ; determining and developing evidence-based practices; using information technology and systems for improving the performance of clinical facilities. In other words, clinical leadership can be developed with a comprehensive clinical education framework. For instance, Curtis et al., (2011) explain that nursing leadership courses should be commenced at the undergraduate level in which nursing leadership, leaders in nursing both theoretical and practical approaches, frameworks and parameters must be taught to the new students entering in the field of

Langston Hughes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Langston Hughes - Essay Example Langston's sensitive nature was also responsible paradoxically in reinforcing his sense of separateness as a Negro. He acknowledged his race to be clearly an advantage, which gained him fame and recognition not only among his peers but also among those towards whom he was subjected towards color sensitivity, as it was his color that acknowledged and helped him in seeking his own identity in revealing the black experience. Langston Hughes was aware of the fact that being a black, his race would never be granted permission to gain access in participating in any effort towards America. He wanted the blacks to awake from the long sleep and start making the dream of their homeland a reality, although it was the dream which according to Langston was converted into a nightmare for Southern blacks, he aimed at rehabilitating that nightmare again into an American dream. No doubt Langston Hughes was among one of those renaissance writers who produced little work on Harlem, but whatever they produced, the work emerged as a magnum opus in the Harlem Renaissance history and produced a true Harlem color. Langston Hughes, the Harlem writer was especially adept at portraying New York's ghetto life concerning about people, culture and religion. What he experienced during the renaissance enabled him to portray the true face of white Americans and in the form of words he described it. Langston's work about Harlem reveal his versatility as wh... ons African Americans had to face regarding social and economic factors of Harlem, he found a ready market among some blacks who wanted to read about life in the black metropolis on one hand, while on the other he was aware of those whites who were attracted to the exotic, strange, and colorful rhythms of 'nigger heaven'". (Wintz, 1988, p. 45) Harlem, though, was more than a playground for white Manhattan, for Africans it was more than a battle. A battle conducted not to loose, but to win and make whites acknowledge their identities as African Americans. "It was a teeming, overcrowded ghetto, and much of its laughter and gaiety only thinly veiled the misery and poverty that was becoming the standard of life for the new black urban masses. This, too, was reflected by the Harlem Renaissance, viewed from the perspective of Langston". (Wintz, 1988, p. 46) "Langston portrayed the outbreak of World War I as the only means, which intensified racial conflicts in America. He was aware of the sacrifices given by every single African of America and realized the importance of African traditional people in supporting America's war, with a hope that their efforts would display one day a result of loyalty and battlefield gallantry to win them popular support in their quest for equality". (Rampersad, 2002, p. 54) Langston encouraged their efforts to participate fully in their country's battles; blacks have traditionally confronted a government reluctant to accept their services. During World War I the already existing racial strife intensified these problems. Some poets saw Harlem slightly different as compared to other poets of Renaissance in a sense that unlike many would be black writers; Langston Hughes was strongly drawn to the black people of Harlem, which won the hearts of

Book exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Book exam - Essay Example A union was created and demands were drawn. For instance, since the law stated a fifty-four hour work week, they posed a fifteen percent increase in their wages. With all of these happening, the employers insisted on not granting the demands of the laborers since they are gearing up to cost reduction. I should say that the strike was brought about by a number of reasons. As mentioned earlier, their work states are meager. Then, they don’t receive support from their employers when it comes to their labor rights, in fact; they received deprivation and discrimination from them. Even their own local official responded callously to their demands, sending militia units instead of negotiating in a civil manner to them. They applied force to the workers, even to women and children. The upheaval caught the attention of several states that expressed apparent aversion to the employers’ treatment of the mill workers of Lawrence. Honesty in wealth acquisition is somehow unlikely, especially when they get a hold of it quickly. It is improbable to obtain affluence without hurting people, physically or emotionally and tweaking rules, thus resulting to corruption. Allegedly, this happens to officials sitting in power, since their influence is immense and sad to say, some of them are even rule makers. On Father James O’Reilly’s account on the strike that it is not about the wages instead it is a war against authority, religion and home and themselves, I’d say that the people were not Anti-American in a sense that most of them, to start with, is not born and raised in America. Most of them were immigrants counting on the thought that they will be treated fairly and lawfully. Another point is that they are performing the strike to improve the work conditions of the people, not only the ones working on the factory, but the entire working community. They have expressed their will to eliminate discrimination in the work place. Their participation in the

Trade Show Promotional Ideas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Trade Show Promotional Ideas - Essay Example For our advertising campaign we have started off with some teasers saying "What's a safer way of safe crib bumper" leaving our audiences wandering what is that which is lacking in their already possessed bumper. The rest of the phrase creates a sense of consciousness and anxiousness as to what is the teaser referring too. Further more to promote our product we have taken the help of another medium that is banners which inform the audience about the website and phone number to buy the product, yet the product itself has not been disclosed and an element of surprise still remains and they do the work of a poster and teaser as well. Now for the date of launch we have prepared another set of posters that reveal the identity of the product and of course the product as a whole. A catchy slogan, "Is your child breathing enough oxygen" has been used to attract the audiences and the slogan carries in it a message of exclusivity and is promoting the masses to adopt what suits them the most.

BRAPS Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

BRAPS - Coursework Example Racal telecom was valued at one million seven hundred billion pounds. Racal telecom later detached itself from Racal Electronics in nineteen ninety one and formed what is today known as Vodafone group. Vodafone later bought two thirds of Talk land for around thirty million pounds in nineteen ninety-six. Consumers of Talkland, a one eighty one chain store, overpoweringly utilized Vodafone’s network. Correspondingly, Vodafone purchased a service provider entitled Astec Communications. Vodafone later unraveled its speech mark emblem in a circle and the â€Å"O† symbolizes conversation. Vodafone again agreed to amalgamate its assets in the United States with those of Atlantic Corp and designed Verizon Wireless. This amalgamation was finalized in the year two thousand. The corporate’s affiliates also operate under the label Vodafone. Vodafone Group plc.’s is headquartered in Newbury, United Kingdom. Vodafone being ranked as the most profitable telecommunications company in the world runs networks in over thirty nations and partners with forty other countries. Vodafone is managed by Gerard Kleisterlee who is the Chairman and Vittorio Colao who is the chief executive officer. Vittorio Colao joined the company in 2008. The company deals with telecommunications, which entails providing vocal sound and data services or amenities through mobile phones. The main products promoted by Vodafone include; Vodafone Freedom Packs and Vodafone Passport, Vodafone Mobile USB Modem and Amobee Media Systems, Vodafone at Home and above all Vodafone live. The company has also introduced money transfer services such as M-PESA. Vodafone’s Vision and mission is to lead the business in attending to the concerns of public members with regard to mobile telephones, staff, and wellbeing by representing principal practices and inspiring others to emulate, and, to be the communications forerunner in a technologically advancing world practices and inspiring others

China doing business in Venezuela Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

China doing business in Venezuela - Essay Example government has not made an official announcement, America feels threatened as an influence within the region. Currently, America is the largest importer of oil from Venezuela, and China will be taking away from this amount. 2) U.S. consumers may benefit from with deal through an increase in Venezuelan oil production. As of right now, Venezuela produces about 3 billion barrels of oil each day (James 2011). With help from the Chinese loans, oil production is expected to increase to increase massively. This, in turn, will benefit U.S. consumers because the oil price should hopefully come down. With more oil on the market, prices will be driven down. The cost of gas to U.S. consumers should reduce considerably. However, the United States government needs to be careful that there are not any deals going on between the Venezuelan government and their Chinese counterparts. Energy Minister Rafael Ramirez has said, â€Å"We don’t do discounts with anyone†¦We sell at international prices (James 2011). If the U.S. wants to remain competitive in the oil market, then it should hope that this is true. Associated Press. (2011, Nov. 25) Venezuela’s Chavez defends China ties as officials sign deals for $6 billion in loans. The Washington Post. Retrieved from

BRAPS Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

BRAPS - Coursework Example Racal telecom was valued at one million seven hundred billion pounds. Racal telecom later detached itself from Racal Electronics in nineteen ninety one and formed what is today known as Vodafone group. Vodafone later bought two thirds of Talk land for around thirty million pounds in nineteen ninety-six. Consumers of Talkland, a one eighty one chain store, overpoweringly utilized Vodafone’s network. Correspondingly, Vodafone purchased a service provider entitled Astec Communications. Vodafone later unraveled its speech mark emblem in a circle and the â€Å"O† symbolizes conversation. Vodafone again agreed to amalgamate its assets in the United States with those of Atlantic Corp and designed Verizon Wireless. This amalgamation was finalized in the year two thousand. The corporate’s affiliates also operate under the label Vodafone. Vodafone Group plc.’s is headquartered in Newbury, United Kingdom. Vodafone being ranked as the most profitable telecommunications company in the world runs networks in over thirty nations and partners with forty other countries. Vodafone is managed by Gerard Kleisterlee who is the Chairman and Vittorio Colao who is the chief executive officer. Vittorio Colao joined the company in 2008. The company deals with telecommunications, which entails providing vocal sound and data services or amenities through mobile phones. The main products promoted by Vodafone include; Vodafone Freedom Packs and Vodafone Passport, Vodafone Mobile USB Modem and Amobee Media Systems, Vodafone at Home and above all Vodafone live. The company has also introduced money transfer services such as M-PESA. Vodafone’s Vision and mission is to lead the business in attending to the concerns of public members with regard to mobile telephones, staff, and wellbeing by representing principal practices and inspiring others to emulate, and, to be the communications forerunner in a technologically advancing world practices and inspiring others

Breyer Meat Packing Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Breyer Meat Packing Case Study - Essay Example 14). Awareness of the details surrounding the cumulative trauma disorder would assist in informing the employees and the employer that â€Å"carpal tunnel syndrome is the disorder most commonly reported for this industry and is caused by repeated bending of the wrist combined with gripping, squeezing, and twisting motions. A swelling in the wrist joint causes pressure on a nerve in the wrist. Early symptoms of the disease are tingling sensations in the thumbs and in the index and middle fingers. Experience has shown that if workers ignore these symptoms, sometimes misdiagnosed as arthritis, they could experience permanent weakness and numbness in the hand coupled with severe pain in the hands, elbows, and shoulders† (Occupational Safety and Health Administration, N.D., par. 15). Question #2:  Ã‚  Assume  OSHA is  applicable.   Provide two (2) specific  recommendations to address the issue.

War Literature Essay Example for Free

War Literature Essay Turkey and Armenia have not had the greatest diplomatic relations in recent years. Therefore, it was somewhat surprising that the leaders all of these two nations sat down to watch a football game between the two countries. To say that this is somewhat bizarre would be a dramatic understatement. In 1915, during the First World War, Turkey was responsible for the genocide of scores of Armenians. Needless to say, the relationship between these two group has been tenuous at best over the years. For some, all of this appears to be a form of political theater. However, there is more to the situation than mere grandstanding. Russias recent aggression has sparked fear in Eastern Europe. So, it is not surprising that Turkey and Armenia might forge an alliance out of mutual distrust of Russia. How long such a shaky alliance lasts is anyones guess. Much of this is ironic considering it occurs in light of the legendary football match between the Germans and the British during World War One. Thomas Hardy chronicles this legend in a short article that also points out the strange irony of how mortal enemies can become friendly rivals when they share a common love. In this case, the love is for the game of football. It would seem that to the soldiers, a love for a cultural sport overrides any serious concerns that are at the center of a declaration of war. Or, perhaps, war becomes boring after a while and both sides need a break. Whatever the reason, it is odd to see enemies converge based on a love for a mere past time. It would be absurd to assume that a love for football can eliminate aggression between nations. However, it does show that aggression and competitiveness can be used for more fruitful pursuits other than direct conflict. Then again, football is a form of conflict with enthusiasm replacing aggression most of the time. While sitting in front of the TV watching teams play make the world a better place? Doubtful; but it is at least worth a try. Bibliography Hardy, Thomas. (Date Unknown) â€Å"A Satire of Circumstance† Retrieved October 13, 2008, from http://net. lib. byu. edu/english/wwi/children/captain_nevill. html Palomaa, Erik. (2008) â€Å"Turkey and Armenia Engage in Football Diplomacy. † Retrieved October 13, 2008, from http://www. worldpoliticsreview. com/Article. aspx? id=2694

Hamlet The Central Dilemma :: essays research papers

HAMLET ESSAY â€Å"The central dilemma in Hamlet is the character and life’s journey of a man whose mind is in paralysis. To what extent is this an adequate summary of Hamlet?'; Hamlet certainly is a play with complex themes and issues. As we read through the rich script we uncover many dilemmas and issues that have great bearing on the direction of the play, and the consequences of the character’s actions. One such character is, of course, Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. It is around this man that the play revolves, and his thoughts and actions are closely followed and developed as the play progresses. It has been said that the central dilemma of the play is that Hamlet’s mind is in paralysis, meaning simply that he is incapable of action, his mind incapable of derivative thought. While this is extremely important for the play, the reason that this occurs can clearly be seen as a more important part of the play. All the other themes contribute to the task of making Hamlet appear paralysed in thought and action. He is not however a man without motive for his apparent indecision, and eventual action. However what does appear to be the central theme in Hamlet is the revenge tragedy dilemma. This central issue is the seed that has spawned the generation of the other themes of the play. Hamlet’s father has been murdered in cold blood by the scheming and adulterous Claudius by pouring poison into King Hamlet’s ear while he slept, in order to succeed him to the throne. A ghost in the form of Hamlet’s father appears to Hamlet, revealing to him that the King of Denmark is corrupt and a murderer, and that he must revenge his death. However the ghost was very specific in saying that he must revenge his death without implicating his mother, or corrupting himself.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Taint not thy mind, nor let thy soul contrive   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Against thy mother aught. Leave her to heaven';   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -Act I Scene 5. The circumstances surrounding the death of his father, and his discovery of the fact through meeting with the ghost, are the reasons for his apparent paralysis of the mind. Hamlet has many issues to face here, the first being the question of ethics – revenge and honour versus moral purity. In his soliloquy in Act 2 Scene 2, he questions himself, and asks himself why he fails to act, and asks how a player can fight with such conviction a cause that is not his own, when he, with a cause so worthy of action, does nothing.

The Most Appropriate Pricing Technique for Cadbury Essay -- Business M

The Most Appropriate Pricing Technique for Cadbury There are 7 different pricing techniques that are available to Cadbury. 1. First pricing technique is skimming pricing. With skimming pricing, these prices are set very high to take advantage of some peoples desire for a new product or design at any price. Skimming is most effective if demand is inelastic. For e.g. Cadbury put their prices at the same as most of their competitors and at the price their customers are able to pay. 2. Cost plus pricing Pricing methods which are based on the cost structure of Cadbury that are favoured by accountants because they are supposedly more accurate and reliable. Cadbury is trying to maximise it profits. This method works successfully because all costs need to be accurately accounted. In many firms this is a very difficult process which is why the simpler mark-up procedure is used. Cost plus pricing tends to ignore the demand for the product and the competition. 3. Positioning pricing Cadbury uses this method to position prices that are set which reflect the consumers view of the chocolate bean. 4. Demand based pricing Cadbury set their prices based on what they think the consumer is prepared to pay. If they don’t then they wont sell as good as they thought. If they do sell at the customer’s price they will have a good reputation and an output of more customers. 5. Competitive pricing In this situation Cadbury set a price roughly in line with their competitors. This will depend on the type of competition that exists for the chocolate bean. It is particularly the number of seller and the number of buyers. This process works reasonably well if the cost structures of the companies are roughly similar. 6. Discount pricing Cadbury is a competitive market which buyers should be able to obtain goods for less than the advertised price. Many firms can be forced into price-cutting if they are short of cash or need to increase sales quickly. 7. Different pricing Cadbury may change different prices sometimes for the same product at different times. Its prices will be based on the elasticity of demand for the chocolate bean. Which is the most appropriate for this market type? The most appropriate strategy for Cadbury is Cost Plus pricing and Demand based pricing. Cost plus pricing is appropriate because the information is more accurate and reliable which is good... ...ghtly difficult but they have managed due to good marketing strategies. It has distributed its products in many ways even if they have failed in some but they always try to find the right way to distribute their product so their customers stay satisfied. PRODUCER WHOLESALER RETAILER COMSUMER When there are a large number of retailers, Cadbury (the manufactures) will usually deal with a wholesaler who buys in bulk, stores the products and sells them on to the retailer in smaller quantities. A small grocer will usually go to the wholesaler. This is mainly done regularly to avoid the small space. Advantages of long channels - Retailer gains convenience and minimises storage costs - Consumers are able to buy in small quantities from retailers - Goods are available close to where they are needed - Wholesalers provide valuable retailer support services - Transport costs are lower because the producer does not have to make as many deliveries. Disadvantages of long channels - Prices tend to be higher when goods change hands many times; compare prices in the corner shop with those in supermarkets - Producers have less control over the way in which goods are stored and sold

Proposal Online Banking

There has been a fundamental shift in the use of banking delivery channels toward self-service channels such the Internet [Hernandez-Ortega, 2007]. Internet banking, which was introduced in the early 1990s [Srivastava, 2007], makes it possible to replace the manual service functions provided by bank employees, along with the brick and mortar investment required of financial institutions [Dandapani, et al. , 2008]. It represents an electronic marketplace where consumers may conduct their financial transactions virtually [Reiser, 1997; Daniel, 1999].Today, financial service institutions that offer their services over the Internet are keen to accelerate the adoption process, knowing that the cost of delivering the service over the Internet is much less than delivering the same service over-the-counter [Polatoglu and Ekin, 2001]. In addition, Internet banking is an important innovation that presents institutions a vital distribution channel, which could act as a means of attaining compet itive advantage through cost reduction and better satisfaction of customer needs [Carrington, et al.  , 1997; Kassim and Abdulla, 2006; Mols, 1999].In response to the increased competition, banks in Malaysia are starting to leverage the Internet as a means to provide financial services. An empirical study by Sulaiman, et al. [2005] suggests that the adopters' perceptions of e-banking in developing countries appear to be very favorable. In Malaysia, however, despite the authorities? encouragement to the public to adopt Internet banking, traditional branch-based retail banking remains the most common method for conducting banking transactions.For example, Sivanand, et al.  [2004] found that, although more than 80% of their respondents were aware of Internet banking, less than 10% were currently using the services. With regard to information technology adoption, previous studies have suggested that the set of beliefs that influences an individual to adopt the technology may not be the same as the set of beliefs that leads to his or her initial adoption [Venkatesh, et al. , 2003]. According to Kruglanski and Klar [1985], each time a particular goal of an individual is achieved by a specific behavior, the cognitive link  between the behavior and goal becomes stronger.The result is a cognitive goal-behavior link that creates an automatic response behavior (i. e. , habit). This may suggest that factors that are considered by an individual in the initial stage of adoption may be different from the factors that are considered by him or her after using the technology. Repurchasing intention is one of the important constructs being studied by researchers [Soderlund and Ohman, 2003].Zeithaml, et al.  [1996] suggest that repurchasing intention is associated with a service provider?s ability to get its customers to remain loyal (i. e. , repurchase from the company), spend more with the company, and pay price premiums. In online business, the founder of Amazon. com, Jeff Bezos, noted that one way to build a relationship with customers is by observing their purchase behavior over time [Porter, 1998]. In another aspect, previous literature has highlighted numerous barriers to the adoption of Internet banking.One local finding suggests that the adoption of Internet banking is not so encouraging in Malaysia mainly because of factors such as lack of Internet accessibility, poor awareness, and security concerns [Suganthi, et al. , 2001]. Although there is sufficient evidence that the electronic revolution has commenced in Malaysia, Internet banking research, however, is still in its infancy, particularly with regard to the predictors of intention among current users to continue using the services.This study was undertaken, therefore, to better understand the predictors that may influence current Internet banking users to continue using these services. This paper attempts to determine predictors that may influence the current users of Internet banking to continue using the services. Based on the literature reviewed, we strongly believe that trust, compatibility, and ease of use are key predictors of their intention to continue using Internet banking services. The current users of Internet banking services in Klang Valley, Malaysia, were chosen as the population of this study.1.1 Research Question The objective of this study attempts to answer the following research question: Whether Internet banking services in Klang Valley Malaysia is accepted the Internet banking services for the country growth. Whether Internet banking services could improve the performance in Klang Valley in  Malaysia?1. 2 Problem Statement The explosion of internet usage and the huge funding initiatives in electronic banking have drawn the attention of researchers towards internet banking. (Yi-Shun Wang, Yu-Min Wang, Hsin-Hui Lin, Tzung-I Tang, (2003)) Point out the need for research to identify the factor that determine acceptance of internet banking by the user.  (Yi-Shun Wang, Yu-Min Wang, Hsin-Hui Lin, Tzung-I Tang, (2003))This study focuses on the adoption of Internet banking services by corporate customers in Malaysia and aims to gain a deeper understanding of the factors influencing the adoption of Internet banking services by Malaysian, particularly in Klang Valley customers. (Syed Shah Alam, Rosidah Musa, Faridah Hassan, (2009))1.3 Objective of the StudyThe objective of this project is to study effect of Internet banking services in Klang valley Malaysia on determinant of user acceptance of internet banking. Based on this goal, I have come up with sub-objectives to find out the determinants. The main objective why this study is being undertaken is to analyze whether the internet banking is accepted by people at Klang Valley in Malaysia. To determine that people in Klang Valley can adobe and can used it to improve their bank performance in the future.1.4 Significant of the StudyThis information is at least be able to provi de knowledge to researcher and me as well whether there is effect of financial risk management on financial sector performance in Malaysia and also how far the correlation between it.1.4.2 Investor This knowledge can be used by investor about the impact of financial risk management on financial sector in Malaysia when they need to make a certain decision1.4.3 To Generate Further Research With this study and other thousands research, it would be best to generate more knowledge for the future. As done by past professors and researchers, which now are being updated and improved to adapt to new environment and modern civilization. Not all past research can be reliable in the future, that’s why it is important to continuously keep it updated.1.5 Scope of Study The scope of this study are consist of banks in Malaysia and will focus in major area which is in Klang Valley. These studies are based bank in Klang Valley Malaysia. The data is a primary data and will be gathered directly from customer at the area.CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW2.0 Introduction Basically, in this chapter will briefly explain in detail regarding the previous researches that have been done on overall topics about the determinants of user acceptance of internet banking ; an empirical study Klang Valley in Malaysia. There are several arguments favors and against on this debating issues that had been discover through previous studies.2.1 Previous studiesLichtenstein and Williamson from Australian (2006)Used mass media theories through individual and focus group discussion to determine the decision of internet banking adoption. Findings showed that Australian older people with low income reported themselves were lack of awareness towards internet banking and its advantage, lack of internet lack of internet access and internet confidence, inadequate knowledge and support to use or initial setting up procedure, lack of trust, security and privacy risks were among the reasons of not using inter net banking services.Aktas and Topcu from Turkey (2010)Found that security and reliability were among the important factor that influences the adoption of internet banking. This followed by infrastructural competencies and user friendliness among respondents with accessibility to internet, aged 20 to 45, higher level of education and socioeconomic class. The study used Multi-criteria decision aid-based (MCDA-based).Suganthi and Balachandran from Malaysia (2001)Focused on the factors of accessibility, reluctance to changes, costs, trust in one’s bank, security concerns, convenience, ease of use through online survey that potentially influence internet banking adoption. The results revealed that there were positive significant relationships between accessibility, reluctance to changes and awareness with internet banking adoption.Chung and Payter from Malaysia (2002)Study the information, legal statement, order, ease of use, aesthetics effects, performance and others elements of bank that provide internet banking. The study found that a negative significant relationship between age and internet banking adoption among Klang Valley adopters. Monthly gross income and job position level had positive significant relationship with internet banking adoption among Klang Valley adopters. Further, there was no significant relationship between gender, marital status, ethnic group, level  of education with internet banking adoption.Khalil and Pearson from Malaysia (2007)Applied theory of diffusion of innovation (IDT) (Rogers, 1995) that focused on five key belief (relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trial ability and obeservability) and trust (Mayers et al., 1995) to explore the intention to use internet banking among university students. The results of structural equation modeling showed that trust, relative advantage and trial ability significantly influence attitude. The attitude was play as moderator that influences intention to use technology that is internet banking.CHAPTER THREE DATA AND METHODOLOGY3.0 IntroductionThis chapter will focus on the method that will applied, where the procedures is clearly stated and defined. The data section clearly elaborate on the process of collecting data that needs to be obtained in order to perform the tests while the methodology section elaborates on the types of methods or tests that will be performed in order to determine the effective results.3.1 QuestionnaireData that used in this study is by using the number of 300 executive level peoples with a questionnaire investigation. This is based on the primary data that been collect and obtain by the executive level people in the area.3.2 Research Model and Hypotheses1. Perceived usefulness 2. Perceived ease of used 3. Perceived credibility3.3 Computer Self-EfficacyIn general, prior research has suggested a positive relationship between experience with computing technology and a variety of outcomes such as an affect towards computers and comp uter usage (Levin and Gordon, 1989; Harrison and Rainer, 1992; Agarwal and Prasad, 1999). A related construct, called computer self-efficacy, has been examined in the IS literature (e.g. Compeau and Higgins, 1995; Compeau et al., 1999; Hong et al., 2001). Computer self-efficacy is defined as the judgment of one’s ability to use a computer (Compeau and Higgins, 1995).3.4 Research Framework The research framework in this study provides a picture regarding the relationship between Computer Self-Efficiency, Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, and Perceived Credibility to Behavior Intention. The Computer Self- Efficacy is the main thing to develop to the three and becoming the Behavior Intention. The figure below will show the relationship of the variables.3.5 Research Model This section will briefly explain the research model and methodology related to this research on the determinant of user acceptance of internet banking : an imperial study Klang Valley in Malaysia. Th e research model will be used to find the relationship between the three factors and will achieved the objectives of this study.3.6 Method usedDescriptive statisticThe following definitions are vital in understanding descriptive statistics: C Variables are quantities or qualities that may assume any one of a set of values. Variables may be classified as nominal, ordinal, or interval. — Nominal variables use names, categories, or labels for qualitative values. Typical nominal variables include gender, ethnicity, job title, and so forth. — Ordinal variables, like nominal variables, are categorical variables. However, the order or rank of the categories is meaningful.For example, staff members may be asked to indicate their satisfaction with a training course on an ordinal scale ranging from â€Å"poor† to â€Å"excellent. † Such categories could be converted to a numerical scale for further analysis. — Interval variables are purely numeric variables. The nominal and ordinal variables noted above are discrete since they do not permit making statements about degree, e. g. , â€Å"Person A is three times more male than person B† or â€Å"Person A rated the course as five times more excellent than person B.†Interval variables are continuous, and the difference between values is both meaningful and allows statements about extent or degree. Income and age are interval variables. C Frequency distributions summarize and compress data by grouping them into classes and recording how many data points fall into each class. The frequency distribution is the foundation of descriptive statistics. It is a prerequisite for the various graphs used to display data and the basic statistics used to describe a data set, such as the mean, median, mode, variance, standard deviation, etc. (See the module on Frequency Distribution for more information.)C. Measures of Central Tendency indicate the middle and commonly occurring points in a d ata set. The three main measures of central tendency are discussed below. — Mean is the average, the most common measure of central tendency. The mean of a population is designated by the Greek letter mu (F). The mean of a sample is designated by the symbol x-bar (0). The mean may not always be the best measure of central tendency, especially if data are skewed. For example, average income is often misleading since those few individuals with extremely high incomes may raise the overall average.  Ã¢â‚¬â€ Median is the value in the middle of the data set when the measurements are arranged in order of magnitude.For example, if 11 individuals were weighed and their weights arranged in ascending or descending order, the sixth value is the median since five values fall both above and below the sixth value. Median family income is often used in statistics because this value represents the exact middle of the data better than the mean. Fifty percent of families would have incomes above or below the median. — Mode is the value occurring most often in the data.If the largest group of people in a sample measuring age were 25 years old, then 25 would be the mode. The mode is the least commonly used measure of central tendency, particularly in large data sets. However, the mode is still important for describing a data set, especially when more than one value occurs frequently. In this instance, the data would be described as bimodal or multimodal, depending on whether two or more values occur frequently in the data set. C Measures of Dispersion indicate how spread out the data are around the mean. Measures of dispersion are especially helpful when data are normally distributed, i.  e. closely resemble the bell curve.The most common measures of dispersion follow. — Variance is expressed as the sum of the squares of the differences between each observation and the mean, which quantity is then divided by the sample size. For populations, it is design ated by the square of the Greek letter sigma (F2 ). For samples, it is designated by the square of the letter s (s2). Since this is a quadratic expression, i. e. a number raised to the second power, variance is the second moment of statistics. Variance is used less frequently than standard deviation as a measure of dispersion.Variance can be used when we want to quickly compare the variability of two or more sets of interval data. In general, the higher the variance, the more spread out the data. — Standard deviation is expressed as the positive square root of the variance, i. e. F for populations and s for samples. It is the average difference between observed values and the mean. The standard deviation is used when expressing dispersion in the same units as the original measurements. It is used more commonly than the variance in expressing the degree to which data are spread out.Pearson product-moment correlation coefficientDefinition Pearson's correlation coefficient betwe en two variables is defined as the covariance of the two variables divided by the product of their standard deviations. The form of the definition involves a â€Å"product moment†, that is, the mean (the first moment about the origin) of the product of the mean-adjusted random variables; hence the modifier product-moment in the name. For a populationPearson's correlation coefficient when applied to a population is commonly represented by the Greek letter Ï  (rho) and may be referred to as the population correlation coefficient or the population Pearson correlation coefficient. The formula for Ï  is:For a sample Pearson's correlation coefficient when applied to a sample is commonly represented by the letter r and may be referred to as the sample correlation coefficient or the sample Pearson correlation coefficient. We can obtain a formula for r by substituting estimates of the covariances and variances based on a sample into the formula above. That formula forr is:An equiv alent expression gives the correlation coefficient as the mean of the products of the standard scores. Based on a sample of paired data (Xi, Yi), the sample Pearson correlation coefficient is where are the standard score, sample mean, and sample standard deviation, respectively. Mathematical properties The absolute value of both the sample and population Pearson correlation coefficients are less than or equal to 1.Correlations equal to 1 or -1 correspond to data points lying exactly on a line (in the case of the sample correlation), or to a bivariate distribution entirely supported on a line (in the case of the population correlation). The Pearson correlation coefficient is symmetric: corr(X,Y) = corr(Y,X). A key mathematical property of the Pearson correlation coefficient is that it is invariant (up to a sign) to separate changes in location and scale in the two variables.That is, we may transform X to a + bX and transform Y to c + dY, where a, b, c, and d are constants, without ch anging the correlation coefficient (this fact holds for both the population and sample Pearson correlation coefficients). Note that more general linear transformations do change the correlation: see a later section for an application of this. The Pearson correlation can be expressed in terms of uncentered moments.Since ÃŽ ¼X = E(X), ÏÆ'X2 = E[(X − E(X))2] = E(X2) − E2(X) and likewise for Y, and since the correlation can also be written as Alternative formulae for the sample Pearson correlation coefficient are also available: The above formula suggests a convenient single-pass algorithm for calculating sample correlations, but, depending on the numbers involved, it can sometimes be numerically unstable.Linear regressionIn linear regression, the model specification is that the dependent variable, is a linear combination of the parameters (but need not be linear in the independent variables). For example, in simple linear regression for modeling data points there is one in dependent variable: , and two parameters, and : straight line: (In multiple linear regression, there are several independent variables or functions of independent variables. ) Adding a term in xi2 to the preceding regression gives: parabola:This is still linear regression; although the expression on the right hand side is quadratic in the independent variable , it is linear in the parameters , and In both cases, is an error term and the subscript indexes a particular observation. Given a random sample from the population, we estimate the population parameters and obtain the sample linear regression model: The residual, , is the difference between the value of the dependent variable predicted by the model, and the true value of the dependent variable . One method of estimation is ordinary least squares.This method obtains parameter estimates that minimize the sum of squared residuals, SSE,[17][18] also sometimes denoted RSS: Minimization of this function results in a set of normal eq uations, a set of simultaneous linear equations in the parameters, which are solved to yield the parameter estimators, . Illustration of linear regression on a data set. In the case of simple regression, the formulas for the least squares estimates are where is the mean (average) of the values and is the mean of the values. See simple linear regression for a derivation of these formulas and a numerical example.Under the assumption that the population error term has a constant variance, the estimate of that variance is given by: This is called the mean square error (MSE) of the regression. The standard errors of the parameter estimates are given by Under the further assumption that the population error term is normally distributed, the researcher can use these estimated standard errors to create confidence intervals and conduct hypothesis tests about the population parameters.General linear modelIn the more general multiple regression model, there are p independent variables:  wher e xij is the ith observation on the jth independent variable, and where the first independent variable takes the value 1 for all i (so is the regression intercept). The least squares parameter estimates are obtained from p normal equations. The residual can be written as The normal equations are In matrix notation, the normal equations are written as where the ij element of X is xij, the i element of the column vector Y is yi, and the j element of is . Thus  X is nÃâ€"p, Y is nÃâ€"1, and is pÃâ€"1. The solution is For a derivation, see linear least squares, and for a numerical example, see linear regression (example).3.7 HypothesisThe null hypothesis of the study is developed to cater for the pooling regression model. The null hypotheses are: 1. (A) H01: Computer self-efficacy will not have a positive effect on perceived usefulness of the Internet banking systems. H11: Computer self-efficacy will have a positive effect on perceived usefulness of the Internet banking systems. (B ) H01: Computer self-efficacy will not have a positive effect on perceived ease of use of the Internet banking systems.H11: Computer self-efficacy will have a positive effect on perceived ease of  use of the Internet banking systems. (C) H01: Computer self-efficacy will not have a negative effect on perceived credibility of the Internet banking systems. H11: Computer self-efficacy will have a negative effect on perceived credibility of the Internet banking systems. 2. H02: Perceived ease of use will not have a positive effect on perceived usefulness of the Internet banking systems. H12: Perceived ease of use will have a positive effect on perceived usefulness of the Internet banking systems.3. H03: Perceived ease of use will not have a positive effect on perceived credibility of the Internet banking systems. H13: Perceived ease of use will have a positive effect on perceived credibility of the Internet banking systems. 4. H04: Perceived ease of use will not have a positive effect on behavioral intention to use the Internet banking systems. H14: Perceived ease of use will have a positive effect on behavioral intention to use the Internet banking systems.3. 8 Expected OutcomeUsing the technology acceptance model as a theoretical framework, this study introduced â€Å"perceived credibility† as a new TAM factor to reflect the user’s security and privacy concerns in the acceptance of Internet banking, and examined the effect of computer self-efficacy on the intention to use Internet banking. Provide evidence of the significant effects of the individual difference variable (i. e. computer self-efficacy) on behavioral intention through perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and perceived credibility.

Susan Glaspell’s 1916 play ‘Trifles’ – Review

Susan Glaspell's 1916 play ‘Trifles' demonstrates how gender can affect a reader's response. Gender describes the physical and social condition of being male or female. When viewing the Wrights kitchen as a text and the characters as the reader, it becomes clear how gender is an integral feature of the theory of reading. The reader response theory consists of multiple elements; it looks at how a reader interprets a text and what contributes to that interpretation. Raman Seldon et al states ‘we differ about interpretations only because our ways of reading differ'. The way we read a text will also depend on personal experience. Wolfgang Iser argues that a piece of literature contains ‘blanks',2 these are spaces in the text that only the reader can fill. If these blanks exist within an unfamiliar area, the reader is unlikely to fill them. This affects the readers' construal of the text in this case the Wrights kitchen. In the early 20th century the kitchen was a place rarely occupied by men and the County Attorney is quick to observe ‘nothing important here, nothing that would point to any motive'. The men in this scene are typical of the ‘implied reader' described by Raman Seldon et al as ‘the reader whom the text creates for itself and amounts to a network of response-inviting structures'. The theory looks at how a text projects itself to the reader, Umberto Eco's ‘the role of the reader' argues that some texts are open while others are closed, the former invites reader collaboration in the development of meaning, the latter has its meaning already determined and has anticipated the readers response. 5 Trifles' is an open text, it invites the readers, in this case the men and women to find the meaning/evidence. The men's inability to fill the blanks signifies gender issue and contributes to their ultimate failure. Another aspect of reader-orientated criticism is the ‘reception theory', Hans R Jauss, a German supporter of this theory uses the term ‘Horizon of expectation'6 to describe the criteria readers use to judge literary texts in any given period. The men of law enter the scene with a predetermined ‘horizon of expectation'. Their historical experience of similar crimes means they look for a particular set of codes in this case signs of evidence, because this case does not fit into that experience they fail to discover the evidence. They are restricted by their gender role and unable to read the text as anything other than masculine. Alongside the men, the ‘implied reader' is Mrs. Hale. According to Raman Seldon et al we can categorise her as the ‘actual reader' she ‘receives certain mental images in the process of reading',7 but the images also depend on her ‘existing stock of experience', in this case her understanding of what it is to be a woman in her time. Referring to Judith Fetterley's notion of the resisting reader, Sara Mills argues that ‘although texts may address us as males, we as females can construct a space of reading which resists the dominant reading'. 8 Mrs. Hale resists the dominant reading and participates in a feminine reading of the text; this enables her to read the scene from a female perspective. Mrs. Peters reads the text both as a man and as a woman, although she only appears to do this at a subconscious level. She is the sheriffs' wife; therefore, she has a stricter gender role to adhere to, her role of wife has almost obscured her natural femininity. Sara Mills describes the gendered reading of a text as ‘one whereby the reader comes to the process of reading with a framework of expectations which are determined by her gender, and she interacts with elements in a text in a gendered way'. 9 Mrs. Hale defines her gender role in comparison with Mrs. Wright when talking about Minnie she says ‘she didn't even belong to ladies aid'10 she accepts that they are both farmers' wives and that Minnie never fully embraced that gender role. Minnie did not get involved with other women or with organisations that would have given her freedom. The quote implies that it was the least she could have done, Mrs. Hale does however empathise with Minnie influencing Mrs. Peters to do the same. Raman Seldon et al state ‘the act of interpretation is possible because the text allows the reader access to the author's consciousness,'11 this allows the reader to think and feel what the author does. This is a significant point, the men in the play try to interpret Mrs. Wright's manner but are unable to come to any conclusions, when the women discover the untidy sewing they are able make assumptions about her mood and state of mind, they can identify with her as a woman and as a wife. Sara Mills states that ‘the reader is subject to many discursive pressures which lead her to read in particular ways. ‘. 12 Mrs. Peters avoids answering direct questions with her own opinion when asked by Mrs. Hale ‘do you think she did it? ‘ She replies with the opinions of her husband and his colleagues. She does sympathise, but what follows is an abrupt recall of her masculine implied reader response, e. . ‘I know what stillness is, but the law has got to punish crime, Mrs. Hale'. 14 A reader always takes to a text a framework into which they fit the text, this explains why the men read the scene the way they do. The men interpret the text from a masculine point of view, they only know the facts, Mr. Wright is dead and Mrs. Wright was the only other person present. It would be natural for them, taking into consideration there historical viewpoint, implied reader response and gender role, to look for obvious signs of an argument or struggle. The notion of a gendered difference is critical when analysing reader positioning. The kitchen plays an integral part in signifying the gender roles. Gainor states in her essay, ‘if the kitchen is coded as the woman's sphere, then surely the bedroom must be thought of as the male arena,'15 this is where the men spend most of their time and of course where John Wright died. Mrs. Hale and the men in the play have a contradictory view of John Wright's character. When Mrs. Peters states, ‘they say he was a good man,' she is again referring to the men's opinion. While Mrs. Hale admits that he ‘didn't drink', ‘kept his word' and ‘paid his bills', she also refers to her own impression of him as a ‘hard man'. Mrs. Hales sees beyond the masculine observations and trusts her own instincts; she describes talking to him as ‘like a raw wind that gets to the bone'. 16 The men in the play do not discuss John Wright's life or personality. The women do discuss Minnie Wright, Mrs. Hale describes her before her marriage, ‘she used to wear pretty clothes and be lively, when she was Minnie Foster'. 17 Mrs. Hale builds up an image of Mrs. Wright that Mrs. Peters can relate to and identify with, she later describes her as ‘like a bird herself',18 this coupled with the cold character of Mr. Wright and the discovery of the birdcage create an image of Minnie being caged herself. The discovery of the bird with its broken neck is an important moment of realisation for the two women. The extent of the sadness in Minnie Wright's life has become abundantly clear and the recognition of what this grim discovery signifies seems to set Mrs. Hales mind racing. Again, referring back to her own personal experience of Mr. Wright, Mrs. Hale states ‘No, Wright wouldn't like the bird-a thing that sang. She used to sing. He killed that, too'. 19 This statement is sufficient to make Mrs. Peters obviously uncomfortable with how the situation is unfolding. Mrs. Hale reproaches herself for not calling on Mrs. Wright occasionally; she declares ‘that was a crime, who's going to punish that? '20 This questioning adds to the inference that the murder was not the only crime that took place in the farmhouse. Ultimately, both women read the text from a gendered perspective enabling them to justify why they hide the evidence. The two women show compassion for Minnie Wright, they understand the hardships of being a woman in their time, and Mrs. Hale says ‘we all go through the same things – it's all just a different kind of the same thing'. 21 It is here the women seem united, in defense of one they feel has done wrong and been wronged, in a final act of female solidarity they hide the evidence they have found and protect Mrs. Wright. Susan Glaspell's ‘Trifles' is a play in one act that demonstrates the significance of gendered theories of reading. It achieves this by showing how the woman make their observations and unknowingly build up the circumstances surrounding the crime. They notice small details that are significant to them as women; these details enable them to identify with the text. The men in this play overlook these details because they only view the scene from a masculine perspective. They read the text within a rigid framework of ideals that do not apply in this case, to be able to interpret a variety of texts is to be able to read from a gendered point of view.

Tips for Pam and Sue

Multiple Regression Project The is the only deliverable in Week Four. It is the case study titled â€Å"Locating New Pam and Susan’s Stores,† described at the end of Chapter 12 of your textbook. The case involves the decision to locate a new store at one of two candidate sites. The decision will be based on estimates of sales potential, and for this purpose, you will need to develop a multiple regression model to predict sales. Specific case questions are given in the textbook, and the necessary data is in the file named pamsue. ls. Assuming that you are reasonably comfortable with using Excel and its Analysis ToolPak add-in, you should expect to spend approximately 2-3 hours on computer work, and another 3-4 hours on writing the report. It is a good idea not to wait until the last day to do the entire project and write the report. Content of the report consists of your answers to the case questions, plus computer output(s) to support your answers. Please keep the entir e report – including computer outputs – under 8 printed pages.Thus, your write up should be concise, and you need to be selective in deciding which computer outputs to include. You can use your discretion in formatting your write up, but use good writing practices and try to make it look professional (more on the report format below). Project Hints and Guidelines It is assumed that you have access to 1. Microsoft Excel with Analysis ToolPak (do NOT use stepwise regression for this project even if it runs on your computer). 2. Data file named pamsue. xls in the DataSets. zip folder.Basic Excel skills you need are the ability to construct histograms and scatterplots, to create dummy variables, copying or moving columns of data in a spreadsheet, and the ability to use the Correlation and Regression facilities under Data Analysis (available when Analysis ToolPak has been added in). Remember that Analysis ToolPak requires contiguous ranges of data for correlation or regress ion. 1. Open the file pamsue. xls. First, move the column for sales so that it is the rightmost column (it is now to the right of comtype).If the old sales column remains but appears empty, delete that column. 2. Obtain a scatterplot of the sales on the vertical axis against comtype on the horizontal axis. This will give you a good idea of whether different categories of comtype appear to differ in sales. In the scatterplot, you should see that sales in the middle categories 3 – 6 are in similar ranges on the vertical axis, but 1 and 2 have somewhat higher sales, and category 7 appears to have somewhat lower sales.This implies that, when you create dummy variables for comtype, dummy variables for categories 1, 2, 7 are likely to be statistically significant in the multiple regression model (and dummy variables for categories 3 – 6 are likely to be not significant). Although it would be desirable to also obtain the scatterplot of sales against every other X variable, yo u can omit these if you do not have time, and use the correlation coefficients instead (see step 4 below). 3. Insert seven new columns immediately to the left of comtype, and in these columns, create seven dummy variables to represent the seven categories of site types.Name them comtype1, comtype2, †¦ , comtype7. At this point, you have 40 columns of data in the spreadsheet with comtype and sales in the last two columns. 4. Use the Correlation facility under Data Analysis to obtain the correlation coefficients between sales and all of the other variables except store and comtype (why exclude comtype? ). This will produce a matrix of correlation coefficients between sales and every X variable, as well as between every pair of X variables. To make them easy to read, you may want to format the cells to show numbers with 2 or 3 decimal places. . Write down the names of 10 quantitative X variables having the highest correlations with sales. From the correlations worksheet, move to t he data worksheet. Select the following columns: sales, plus the 10 quantitative X variables you wrote down, plus comtype1, comptype2, comptype7 (here, you could include up to three more dummy variables, but they are likely to be statistically not significant, so you can save some work – see 2. above). Copy these onto a blank worksheet. Make sure there are no blank columns in within the data range in the new worksheet.Note: To prevent unexpected changes in copying data when formulas are involved, use Paste Special with Values selected when pasting data into a new worksheet. 6. Use Regression under Data Analysis to obtain the regression output table for sales using the variables in the columns you had selected, making sure that Labels and New Worksheet Ply checkboxes are checked, and leave the other boxes unchecked. On the name tab of the output sheet (at the bottom), change the name of the worksheet to Model1. 7. Using appropriate statistics in the regression output table, se e if any of the X variables is statistically not significant.If there is at least one insignificant X variable, write down the most insignificant variable, move to the data sheet and delete that column, and re-run Regression without that variable. Repeat until there are no insignificant X variables. Name each output sheet Model2, Model3, and so on for easy identification. 8. When you get to a model in which all remaining X variables are statistically significant, you will have found the final regression equation for predicting sales. Re-run the last model, but this time checking the Residuals checkbox.This will reproduce the last regression table, but below it, you will see columns for Predicted sales and Residuals. Obtain a scatterplot of Residuals against Predicted sales. Also obtain a histogram of Residuals. 9. Use the final regression equation you found in the last step to predict sales at the two sites under consideration. You have just completed all necessary computer work for your project report. Now you have to write a report to present your answers to the case questions (see pages 388-389 of your textbook), and the reasons for those answers.In terms of physical organization, a reasonable format for the report is described below. Content and Format of the Project Report Cover page Include the report title, your name, course, section, facilitator, and date. Go to a new page, and use the following subsection headings for the report. Introduction One paragraph (two at most) describing the subject and context of the project. Data One or two paragraphs describing the data in plain English (number of variables, number of observations, units for data values, etc. ) Results and Discussion This is the main body of the report.It is where you will describe what you have done, what you found, and answer the case questions with the reasons for your answers. These reasons should be based on the analytical work you have done using Excel. Depending on how concisely yo u write and how many tables and graphs you include, this page could be 3-4 pages long. Conclusion One or two paragraphs discussing any remaining issues (e. g. shortcomings and possible improvements of the analyses in the report). In the Results and Discussion section, you should include a few informative tables or graphs derived from your computer analyses.DO NOT include anything that is not absolutely necessary. DO NOT include entire worksheets form Excel, but only the parts you need. For example, do not include the entire correlation matrix found in step 4 above, but you can make a small table to show the 10 variables having the highest correlations with sales. You should include the scatterplot of sales against comtype, relevant portion of the final regression output table, the final regression equation, and the two residual graphs you obtained in step 8. Please keep the total length of the report under 8 printed pages (5 to 6 pages should be sufficient in most cases).